Ressam Ilya Repin \u2019in 175. do\u011fumg\u00fcn\u00fc sergisi St. Petersburg Rus Devlet M\u00fczesi’nde. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2019 y\u0131l\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden Ilya Repin\u2019in 175. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc. St. Petersburg Rus Devlet M\u00fczesi’nde a\u00e7\u0131lan sergi ile bu \u00f6zel y\u0131l kutlan\u0131yor. 03 Ekim\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan ve 09 Mart 2020\u2019ye kadar gezilebilecek sergide ressam\u0131n bir\u00e7ok m\u00fcze ve \u00f6zel koleksiyonerden gelen 250 kadar eseri sergileniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lya Yefimovich Repin (1844-1930) bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n Harkov yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Chuhuiv kasabas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Repin ve ailesi, k\u0131rsal bir b\u00f6lgede m\u00fctevaz\u0131 evlerinde yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015farlar. Okumay\u0131 seven, dindar anne Tatiana Stepanovna, asker baba s\u0131kl\u0131kla evden uzakta oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitimi konusunda \u00e7ok etkindi. Repin 10 ya\u015f\u0131na gelince askeri topografya okuluna kaydolur, ancak okul kapan\u0131r. Repin, \u0130van Bunakov adl\u0131 yerel bir ressam\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k yapar, 1863\u2019te \u0130mparatorluk Sanatlar\u0131 Akademisi\u2019ne girmek i\u00e7in Saint Petersburg\u2019a gider. Akademi\u2019deyken ressam Pavel Chistyakov\u2019un fig\u00fcrlerinin psikolojisini yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerinden \u00e7ok etkilenir ve kendi tablolar\u0131nda nas\u0131l psikolojik bir etki yarataca\u011f\u0131na odaklanmaya ba\u015flar. May\u0131s 1865\u2019te Akademi\u2019nin K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Madalya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazan\u0131r. Bu \u00f6d\u00fcl, ona tam vatanda\u015fl\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131r ve do\u011fumdan miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131tsal vergi ve askeri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden kurtar\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve ac\u0131 dolu resimleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rus resim sanat\u0131na ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n girmesinin ba\u015f mimar\u0131 olan sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sanat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan kendi s\u00f6zleri; ” Benim i\u015fim dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131m olamaz. G\u00f6z\u00fc ok\u015fayan hal\u0131lar boyamak, danteller \u00f6rmek, moday\u0131 izlemek yani Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n arma\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 tersy\u00fcz etmek; Zeitgeist’e zaman\u0131n ruhuna boyun e\u011fmek bana uymaz. Ben 60’lar\u0131n insan\u0131y\u0131m. Benim i\u00e7in Gogol’un, Belinski’nin, Turgenyev’in, Tolystoy’un idealleri hala ya\u015f\u0131yor. M\u00fctevazi \u00e7abam, var g\u00fcc\u00fcmle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimi ger\u00e7e\u011fe yakla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r: \u00e7evremdeki ya\u015fam beni ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc etkiliyor, huzursuz k\u0131l\u0131yor, adeta kendili\u011finden tuvale ak\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7eklik \u00f6ylesine ac\u0131mas\u0131z ki ba\u015fka \u015feylere zaman ay\u0131rmaya vicdan\u0131m elvermez.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lya Repin ve \u201cKorkun\u00e7 \u0130van O\u011flunu \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
llya Repin\u2019in en me\u015fhur tablolar\u0131ndan biri \u201cKorkun\u00e7 \u0130van O\u011flunu \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d adl\u0131 eseridir. Son Moskova Knezi ve ilk Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 IV. \u0130van, ya da bilinen ad\u0131yla Korkun\u00e7 Ivan, hen\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda Moskova Knezli\u011fi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7er, 1547\u2019de ta\u00e7 giyer. Deh\u015fet ve utan\u00e7 verici olaylar ile ad\u0131 an\u0131lan \u0130van, bir yandan g\u00f6steri\u015fli mimari eserler yapt\u0131r\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan sinirlendi\u011fi mimarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini k\u00f6r ettirir. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, o\u011flunun hamile e\u015fi Yelena\u2019y\u0131 d\u00f6ver, gelini bebe\u011fini kaybeder. Olay\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan konu\u015fmak isteyen \u0130van babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gider, ancak IV. \u0130van bir \u00f6fke krizi sonucu o\u011flu \u0130van’\u0131n \u015faka\u011f\u0131na asas\u0131yla vurur ve onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Resimde, baban\u0131n deh\u015feti, pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6lmekte olan o\u011flunun sakin y\u00fcz\u00fc ve g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki ya\u015f ifadesi etkileyicidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Repin, bu tablosu i\u00e7in eskizler yaparken her g\u00fcn sabah mezbahaya gider, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen hayvanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini izler ve \u00e7izer.<\/strong> Ortam\u0131n kokusunu ve atmosferini de sonuna kadar hissederek, korkun\u00e7 \u0130van’\u0131n zavall\u0131 o\u011flunun g\u00f6zlerindeki deh\u015feti yakalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tablo, sergide te\u015fhir edildi\u011finde be\u011fenenlerin yan\u0131nda, ele\u015ftirenler de olur. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 Abram Bala\u015fev (29), Moskova’daki Tretyakov Galerisi\u2019nde sergilenmekte olan bu tabloya sald\u0131r\u0131r ve zarar verir. Repin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Finlandiya\u2019dan Moskova\u2019ya gelip, tabloyu tamir eder, ancak restorasyonu Igor Grabar tamamlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130lya Repin’in me\u015fhur eserlerinden “T\u00fcrk Sultan\u0131na Mektup Yazan Zaporojya Kazaklar\u0131” isimli tablo (1890). <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lya Repin ve “T\u00fcrk Sultan\u0131na Mektup Yazan Zaporojya Kazaklar\u0131”<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer me\u015fhur tablosu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatoru Sultan IV. Mehmed\u2019e mektubu yazan Zaporojya Kazaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/em>, veya T\u00fcrk sultan\u0131na mektup yazan Zaporojya Kazaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/em> d\u0131r. Boyutlar\u0131 2.03 m\u2019ye 3.58 m dir. Repin, tabloya 1880\u2019de ba\u015flar ve 1891\u2019de tamamlar. Bitirdi\u011finde, III. Aleksandr tabloyu ondan 35.000 rubleye sat\u0131n al\u0131r. Bu, o devre kadar bir Rus tablosuna \u00f6denen en y\u00fcksek fiyatt\u0131r. Tablo h\u00e2len Saint Petersburg\u2019daki Rus Devlet M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sultan IV. Mehmed’in mektubu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ben, Muhammed\u2019in o\u011flu; G\u00fcne\u015f ve Ay\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi; Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n torunu ve veziri; Makedonya, Babil, Kud\u00fcs, Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131; \u0130mparatorlar\u0131n imparatoru; h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131; hi\u00e7 yenilmemi\u015f harikulade sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131; Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n kabrinin y\u0131lmaz bek\u00e7isi; Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f m\u00fctevellinin ta kendisi; M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fcmidi ve huzuru; H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n kahredicisi ve koruyucusu olan; ben, Sultan \u2014 size emrediyorum Zaporojya Kazaklar\u0131, kendi r\u0131zan\u0131zla ve direnmeden bana teslim olun ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131zla beni rahats\u0131z etmekten vazge\u00e7in.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kazaklar\u0131n cevab\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cSen T\u00fcrk \u0130blisi, lanetli \u015feytan\u0131n karde\u015fi ve arkada\u015f\u0131, ve bizzat L\u00fcsifer\u2019in katibi! Ne bi\u00e7im bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n? \u015eeytan s\u0131\u00e7ar ve ordun bununla yemlenir. H\u0131ristiyan o\u011fullar\u0131ndan asla kendine tebaa yapamayacaks\u0131n; senin ordundan korkmuyoruz, seninle karadan ve denizden sava\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Sen Babilli a\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yama\u011f\u0131, Makedonyal\u0131 tekerlek tamircisi, Kud\u00fcsl\u00fc birac\u0131, \u0130skenderiyeli ke\u00e7i y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc, Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n domuz \u00e7oban\u0131, Y\u0131lan\u2019\u0131n torunu, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnyan\u0131n budalas\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n aptal\u0131, domuzun burnu, di\u015fi at\u0131n k\u0131\u00e7\u0131, mezbaha iti, vaftizlenmemi\u015f al\u0131n, \u015feytan k\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 ha\u015flas\u0131n! Kazaklar i\u015fte sana b\u00f6yle cevap veriyor, i\u011fren\u00e7 balgam topa\u011f\u0131! Sen ger\u00e7ek H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmekten acizsin. [Burada mektubumuzu tamaml\u0131yoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc] tarihi bilmiyoruz ve takvimimiz yok; ay g\u00f6kte, y\u0131l kitapta, buradaki g\u00fcn ile oradaki g\u00fcn ayn\u0131; onun i\u00e7in git k\u0131\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6p.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Burada ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Kazaklar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cKazakistan\u201d isimli \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan Kazaklar\u0131 ifade etmez. Bahsedilen, Slav-Hristiyan bir etnik grup olup Ruslar\u0131n g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 koruyan askeri bir toplumdur. Bu grup, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenleyerek sabotaj, ya\u011fmalama gibi faaliyetlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstteki mektuplar\u0131n g\u00f6nderilip, g\u00f6nderilmedi\u011fine dair kesin bir bilgi olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Rusya\u2019da m\u00fczede ve okullarda bu hikaye anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ressam Ilya Repin \u2019in 175. do\u011fumg\u00fcn\u00fc sergisi St. Petersburg Rus Devlet M\u00fczesi’nde. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden Ilya Repin\u2019in 175. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc. St. Petersburg Rus Devlet…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[413],"tags":[397,626,774,735],"class_list":["post-8031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","tag-hayal-melodileri-operaya-yolculuk","tag-hayal-melodileri-resim-yarismasi","tag-ilya-repin","tag-operayi-kolay-ve-basit-bir-sekilde-anlatan-kitap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8031"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8031\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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