{"id":3213,"date":"2019-08-06T10:26:10","date_gmt":"2019-08-06T07:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/?p=3213"},"modified":"2023-08-27T14:11:37","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T14:11:37","slug":"jean-baptiste-vanmour-ve-1700lerin-osmanli-sarayi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/jean-baptiste-vanmour-ve-1700lerin-osmanli-sarayi\/","title":{"rendered":"300 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131’ndan foto\u011fraflar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Frans\u0131z ressam Jean Baptiste Vanmour (1671-1737), 1699 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’un yeni Frans\u0131z Konsolosu Marquis Charles de Ferriol ile birlikte \u0130stanbul’a gelir. Frans\u0131z Konsolosu’nun bu sanat\u00e7\u0131ya verdi\u011fi destek olmasayd\u0131 birazdan anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eserleri hi\u00e7 bir zaman g\u00f6remeyecektik. Konsolos De Ferriol 1711’de \u00fclkesine d\u00f6ner ama Vanmour \u0130stanbul’da kal\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131, Hollandal\u0131 Konsolos Cornelis Calkoen’in deste\u011fi ile sanat\u0131na devam eder. Vanmour \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar \u0130stanbul’da kal\u0131r. Mezar\u0131, Beyo\u011flu’ndaki “Saint Benoit Frans\u0131z Kilisesi”‘nde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neredeyse 40 y\u0131l \u0130stanbul’u resimleyen Ferriol, bu d\u00f6nemde y\u00fczden fazla Osmanl\u0131 kost\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7izer, Patrona Halil \u0130syan\u0131, Mevlevi t\u00f6renleri, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnler ve \u0130stanbul’u ziyaret edenleri resmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jean Baptiste Vanmour’un eserleri nerede?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanmour’un eserlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hollanda Amsterdam’da Rijks M\u00fczesi<\/a>‘ndedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130stanbul Pera M\u00fczesi<\/a>‘de baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli Vanmour eserlerine ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. Baz\u0131 tablolar\u0131 da \u0130stanbul \u0130talyan Konsoloslu\u011fu’nda bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Patrona Halil” kimdir? Vanmour’un resimlerinde Patrona Halil nas\u0131l anlat\u0131l\u0131r?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aslen Arnavut olan Halil’in “Patrona” ismiyle an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, Patrona ad\u0131ndaki gemide levent (Osmanl\u0131’da donanma askeri) olmas\u0131d\u0131r.”Lale Devri” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sava\u015f ve karga\u015fan\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde, devlet gelirlerinin gereksiz harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirir, halk\u0131 ve yeni\u00e7erileri isyana te\u015fvik eder. III. Ahmed tahtan iner, I. Mahmud yeni padi\u015fah olur. Halil, 1730 tarihindeki bu ayaklanma s\u00fcresince, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 ay, iktidar orta\u011f\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vanmour’un resimlerinde Patrona Halil. Soldaki resimde Halil isyan etmi\u015ftir, resmin i\u00e7inde \u00f6lenlerin cesetleri ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sa\u011fdaki resim isyandan 2 ay sonray\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Patrona Halil ve adamlar\u0131 yeni sultan I. Mahmud taraf\u0131ndan bir bahaneyle saraya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Hepsi teker teker \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu iki eserin orjinali Amsterdam Rijsk M\u00fczesi’ndedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vanmour’un resimlerinde \u0130stanbul’daki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnler nas\u0131l anlat\u0131l\u0131r? Rum, Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnleri aras\u0131ndaki farklar nedir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanmour resimlerinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile gayrim\u00fcslimlerin k\u0131yafetleri aras\u0131ndaki kuma\u015f ve aksesuar farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn resimleri buna \u00e7ok iyi bir \u00f6rnektir ve Lale Devri\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rsel belgelerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Soldaki resim bir Ermeni d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda m\u00fczisyenler, kad\u0131n ve erkek gruplar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Rahip, mum ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, gelin ve damat resimdedir. Damat s\u00fcsl\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, gelin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elbisesi ve duva\u011f\u0131yla ay\u0131rt edilir. Ortadaki resim ise bir T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yine \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, taht\u0131revan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki gelin, damad\u0131n evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6nde giden imamdan T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. En sa\u011fdaki resim bir Rum d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ev ortam\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar pe\u00e7esizdir. S\u00fcsl\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gelin, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hediyelerini kabul etmektedir. Bu eserlerin orjinali Amsterdam Rijsk M\u00fczesi’ndedir.

<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Vanmour’un resimlerinde Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131’n\u0131 ziyaret eden el\u00e7iler nas\u0131l anlat\u0131l\u0131r?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanmour’un 4 resimden olu\u015fan serisi, bizi y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinde yabanc\u0131 bir el\u00e7inin ( Pera M\u00fczesi’ne g\u00f6re Venedik el\u00e7isi Gritti, Amsterdam Rijsk M\u00fczesi’ne g\u00f6re Hollanda el\u00e7isi Colkoen, biz burada Colkoen olarak de\u011ferlendirece\u011fiz) Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131’na var\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. El\u00e7ilerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kabul\u00fc, el\u00e7i heyetinin G\u00f6k\u00e7eada’ya varmas\u0131yla ba\u015flard\u0131. El\u00e7iyi kar\u015f\u0131layan gemi say\u0131s\u0131 ve top at\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir detayd\u0131. Vanmour, G\u00f6k\u00e7eada’daki herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131 maalesef resmetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alttaki iki resimde el\u00e7i alay\u0131n\u0131n Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131’na do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve Topkap\u0131 Saray’n\u0131n avlusuna giri\u015fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Soldaki tablonun orjinali “Pera M\u00fczesi” kolleksiyonundad\u0131r. El\u00e7i ve alay\u0131, Galata Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mektedir. Yeni\u00e7eriler \u00f6nde, alay\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fini izleyen halktan bir grup insan solda resmedilmi\u015ftir. Arka planda yelkenlilerle kapl\u0131 Hali\u00e7, S\u00fcleymaniye Camisi ve Bozdo\u011fan Kemeri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sa\u011fdaki tablonun orjinali ise Amsterdam’da “Rijsk M\u00fczesi”‘ndedir. El\u00e7i sonunda Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131’n\u0131n avlusuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.En \u00f6nde kap\u0131c\u0131lar-saray g\u00f6revlileri- onlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda mavi kaftanl\u0131 terc\u00fcmanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz, do\u011fal olarak herkes silahs\u0131zd\u0131r. Tablonun arkas\u0131nda yeni\u00e7erileri g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Askerler \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir maa\u015f al\u0131rlar ve maa\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne “ulefe g\u00fcn\u00fc” denir. El\u00e7i ziyaretleri \u00f6zellikle bug\u00fcne rastlat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. El\u00e7iler avluya girer girmez, askerler g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir u\u011fultuyla yerdeki yemekleri (etli pilav) kap\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. “\u00c7anak ya\u011fmas\u0131” denilen bu olay, Osmanl\u0131 askerinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve Sultan’a ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan bir g\u00f6steriydi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alttaki iki resimden birincisinde, el\u00e7i ve heyeti i\u00e7in tertip edilen yemek anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Sa\u011fdaki tablo ise, yemek sonras\u0131 el\u00e7i ve heyetinin nihayet Sultan III.Ahmed’in huzuruna kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Soldaki tablo Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131’nda “Kubbealt\u0131” yani “Divan-i Humayun'”da imparatorlu\u011fun en \u00f6nemli kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oday\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. El\u00e7i, sadrazam\u0131n (padi\u015fah\u0131n sa\u011f kolu,yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131) tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ama al\u00e7ak bir taburede oturtulur. El\u00e7inin iki yan\u0131nda terc\u00fcmanlar\u0131 (dragoman) vard\u0131r. Padi\u015fah genelde yeme\u011fe kat\u0131lmaz ama duvardaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pencerede kimseye g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden orada konu\u015fulanlar\u0131 dinleyebilir. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pencereye “sultan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc” denir. Sa\u011fdaki tablo Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131’nda “Arz Odas\u0131”n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. El\u00e7i ve heyeti \u00f6zel kaftanlar (hilat) giymi\u015ftir. Heyetteki herkes, padi\u015fah\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in, kollar\u0131ndan tutulmaktad\u0131r. III. Ahmed taht\u0131nda oturuken yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda 4 evlad\u0131 da vard\u0131r. El\u00e7i g\u00fcven mektubunu sadrazama verir, o da mektubu padi\u015fah\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki yast\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131. El\u00e7i ve heyeti odadan geri geri y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu iki eserin orjinali, Amsterdam Rijsk M\u00fczesi’nde<\/em> g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131kta ifade etti\u011fimiz “foto\u011fraflar” kelimesi, “abartma” sanat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131kta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmelidir. Foto\u011fraf makinas\u0131 1800’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda icat edildi ve y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Frans\u0131z ressam Vanmour’un 1700’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tablolar, birer  “foto\u011fraf” gibi, 300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131’ndaki o anlar\u0131 bize ya\u015fat\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Frans\u0131z ressam Jean Baptiste Vanmour (1671-1737), 1699 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’un yeni Frans\u0131z Konsolosu Marquis Charles de Ferriol ile birlikte \u0130stanbul’a gelir. Frans\u0131z Konsolosu’nun bu sanat\u00e7\u0131ya verdi\u011fi destek olmasayd\u0131 birazdan anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eserleri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[526,32,33,527,528,529],"class_list":["post-3213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-denemek","tag-fotograf-makinasi-ne-zaman-icat-edildi","tag-opera-kitabi","tag-operayi-anlatan-kitap","tag-resim-sanati-nedir","tag-ressam-ve-oykusu","tag-vanmour-ve-resimleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3213"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13702,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3213\/revisions\/13702"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.3nokta.com\/yeni3Nokta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}